Enhancing Groundwater Recharge Through Comparative Analysis Of Rainwater Harvesting Solutions In Arid Region Of Southern Afghanistan: A Review

Authors

  • Mohammad Aslam Haziq Kandahar University Author
  • Abdul Rahman Sorgul Kandahar University Author https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1458-7305
  • Nazir Ahmad Qani Kandahar University Author
  • Qudratullah Kamran Kandahar University Author
  • Habib Rasool Popal Kandahar University Author
  • Ahmad Munir Rahimi Kandahar University Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65486/gw8tjd60

Keywords:

Rainwater harvesting (RWH), Water shortages, groundwater recharge, Spatial analysis, Comparative analysis

Abstract

Purpose:

The objective of this study is to examine the efficacy of rainwater harvesting (RWH) methods in enhancing groundwater recharge and water security in Afghanistan's arid and semi-arid areas, which are increasingly affected by climate change and water scarcity.

Method:

A comparative analysis of rainwater harvesting systems employed in analogous meteorological circumstances worldwide was done. The research utilised Geographic Information System (GIS) and spatial analysis methods to assess various environmental factors—including precipitation patterns, elevation, soil composition, geology, land cover, and water scarcity—to determine ideal sites for Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) deployment throughout Afghanistan.

Results:

The spatial analysis identified particular areas conducive to groundwater recharge via rainwater harvesting. Among the assessed techniques, sand dams, infiltration pits, rock catchments, and percolation ponds were recognised as the most successful owing to their water retention capabilities, adaptation to arid conditions, and potential for sustainable groundwater augmentation.

Practical Implications:

The findings offer a framework for policymakers and development organisations to use cost-effective and contextually suitable rainwater harvesting technologies in Afghanistan, thus enhancing sustainable water management and bolstering resistance to water scarcity.

Originality/Novelty:

This study is one of the initial efforts to integrate global rainwater harvesting knowledge with high-resolution spatial analysis specifically designed for Afghanistan's distinct environmental and climatic conditions, providing a scientifically robust framework for planning groundwater recharge through rainwater harvesting in arid and semi-arid regions.

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Author Biographies

  • Mohammad Aslam Haziq, Kandahar University

     

    Biographical Sketch — Prof. Mohammad Aslam Haziq

    Name: Mohammad Aslam Haziq
    Position / Affiliation: Professor, Department of Water & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kandahar University, Afghanistan (SRS Journal)

    Education & Early Career

    • He holds a Master of Engineering (M.Eng.) in Water Engineering / Water Resources / Environmental Engineering. (ResearchGate)

    • His research and teaching focus are in water resources management, water supply engineering, watershed hydrology, and integrated water resource systems. (Google Scholar)

    • Earlier in his career, he was listed as a Lecturer in the Water & Environmental Engineering Department at Kandahar University. (ResearchGate)

    Academic Rank & Contributions

    • On Google Scholar, “Mohammad Aslam Haziq” is listed as Professor, with research interest in water resources management, water supply, watershed management, etc. (Google Scholar)

    • In published articles, he is identified as “Associate Professor, Kandahar University, Engineering School, Water & Environmental Engineering Department.” (SRS Journal)

    • He teaches courses such as Water Supply Engineering (e.g., course “En. 636 Water Supply Engineering”) at the Faculty of Engineering, Department of Water & Environmental Engineering, Kandahar University. (Scribd)

    Research & Publications

    Prof. Haziq has published research in water-related fields. Some of his notable works include:

    • Identification of Suitable Sites for Rainwater Harvesting Using GIS in Kandahar Province, Afghanistan — where he is listed as Associate Professor and corresponding author. (SRS Journal)

    • Physiochemical Assessment of Drinking Water Quality in Kandahar City, Afghanistan — assessing the physical and chemical quality of drinking water in Kandahar, in collaboration with Nazir Ahmad Qani. (ResearchGate)

    • An Empirical Analysis of Domestic Water Sources, Consumption and Associated Factors in Kandahar City, Afghanistan — part of his master’s research, analyzing household water consumption patterns, sources and influencing factors. (Academia)

    • Performance Benchmarking of Kandahar Water Supply Systems using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) — assessing efficiency of water supply systems in Kandahar. (ResearchGate)

    • Remediation of Lead-Contaminated Water Using Green Synthesized Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles — a recent collaborative work in water treatment. (ResearchGate)

    These publications reflect his interests in water quality, supply systems, watershed hydrology, and the use of GIS and analytical methods for water engineering challenges.

    Research Metrics

    • According to Ad Scientific Index, his citation metrics include: H-index ≈ 4, i10-index ≈ 1, with total citations around 46 (in their context) for his ranked works. (AD Scientific Index)

    • On Google Scholar, his domain is listed among fields such as water resources management, watershed management, water supply engineering, etc. (Google Scholar)

    • His work is cited in multiple international journals and by other researchers in related fields. (Google Scholar)

    Teaching & Academic Role

    • As a faculty member in Kandahar University’s Water & Environmental Engineering Department, he teaches core courses such as water supply engineering and likely other water resources / environmental engineering courses. (Scribd)

    • He is also active in research guiding and collaboration, having supervised or coauthored research with students and international collaborators. For example, his master’s thesis on household water consumption was supervised under external cooperation. (Academia)

    • He contributes to local water engineering challenges in Afghanistan (especially in Kandahar Province) through applied research, including GIS-based site selection for rainwater harvesting, water quality assessment, and efficiency analyses of water systems.

    Impact & Community Engagement

    • His studies on water supply, consumption patterns, and water quality are directly relevant to public health, resource management, and infrastructure planning in Kandahar and similar regions.

    • By applying GIS, data analysis techniques, and modern water engineering approaches, he bridges academic research with local practical needs (e.g. rainwater harvesting site identification).

    • His work is accessible in international forums, which helps connect the engineering community in Afghanistan with global research trends in water and environmental engineering.

  • Abdul Rahman Sorgul, Kandahar University

     

    Sketch Biography — Abdul Rahman Sorgul

    Name: Abdul Rahman Sorgul (sometimes written “Mohammad Sorgul Abdul Rahman” in publications)

    Current Position / Affiliation:

    • Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kandahar University (Afghanistan)

    • Co-author in civil engineering / structural research papers associated with Kandahar University.

      • For instance, in the article “Structural Health Assessment of Composite Steel Beams: Evaluating Pre-Damage and Post-Damage States using Modal Analysis”, one of the authors is listed as “Mohammad Sorgul Abdul Rahman,” affiliated with the Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Kandahar University. (SRS Journal)

    • In that same paper he is listed as “Corresponding Author.” (SRS Journal)

    Past / Additional Roles (Claimed / Reported):

    • You mentioned that he formerly served as Chancellor of Helmand University. I could not independently confirm this from public web sources (e.g., the Helmand University website, news reports, or academic directories).

    • His past leadership role in Helmand University is not documented in widely indexed sources.

    Academic & Research Contributions:

    • He is active in structural engineering research (particularly in areas like structural health monitoring, modal analysis of composite beams, etc.).

    • In the 2025 paper referenced above, his affiliation is clearly tied to Kandahar University’s civil engineering department, and the paper deals with detecting damage in composite steel-concrete beams using vibration/modal methods. (SRS Journal)

    • This collaboration suggests he works in areas combining structural engineering, dynamics, perhaps finite element modeling, and experimental or sensor-based measurement methods.

    Gaps / Unknowns:

    • Education (where he obtained his degrees, which fields, when) is not publicly documented in the sources found so far.

    • Timeline of his move from Helmand University (if indeed he was Chancellor) to Kandahar University is not clear.

    • Administrative experience beyond his research authorship is not confirmed in available sources.

    • Personal background (birth year, hometown, etc.) is not available through the typical indexed sources.

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09/27/2025

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Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Sustaining Life Through Science: Exploring Nature’s Frontiers

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Enhancing Groundwater Recharge Through Comparative Analysis Of Rainwater Harvesting Solutions In Arid Region Of Southern Afghanistan: A Review. (2025). Gandhara Journal of Natural Sciences, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.65486/gw8tjd60